티탄신(titans)

 

Head of a Titan, National Archaeological Museum of Athens  (출처- http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology))

 

타이탄이라고도 하며 거대한 자들이라는 뜻이다. 제우스나 아폴론 같은 올림포스신들 이전에 세상을 다스리던 거인신을 일컫는 말이다. 티탄신들은 주신 우라노스와 아내되는 대지의 여신 가이아에게서 난 12자식들을 말하며 이들 1세대 티탄신으로부터 태어난 존재들을 2세대, 3세대 티탄신이라고 부른다. 하지만 1세대 티탄신의 자식들중에서 크로노스의 자녀들과 그 후손들은 티탄신이라 부르지 않고 올림포스신이라고 부르고 있다. 이는 그들에 의해서 정권이 바뀌었기 때문이다. 이와 비슷하게 티탄신의 후예이지만 올림포스 신들 편에 합류한 존재들은 티탄신이라 불리지 않는 경우도 있다. 이들 티탄신들은 크로노스가 아버지 우라노스를 몰아낸 뒤로 1세대인 12명의 티탄신을 중심으로 세상을 나누어 다스렸지만 티타노마키아(Titanomachia; 티탄신과의 전쟁)에서 올림포스신들에게 패한 뒤로 힘을 잃고 달아나거나 저승인 타르타로스에 갇히고 일부는 지상에서 다른 형벌을 받음으로써 와해되고 말았다. 또한 올림포스신들 이전의 모든 신들이 다 티탄신인 것은 아니다. 이는우라노스의 자녀들이 아닌 폰토스나 닉스, 에레보스의 자녀들도 있기 때문이다. 그리고 그들 대부분은 티탄신이 아니었듯이 올림포스신들의 편을 들거나 중립을 지켜 올림포스신들이 권력을 잡은 후에도 계속 신의 직분을 유지하였다.  

 

The Family of Hyperion - The Titans Family Tree and Genealogy

(출처 -http://www.talesbeyondbelief.com/titans-mythology/hyperion.htm )

(글 출처 - http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/bdodge/scaffold/GG/titan.html)

 

The Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus. During their rule the Titans were associated with the various planets.

Gaea

Gaea is the Earth goddess. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seems to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellenistic civilization.

Uranus

Uranus is the sky god and first ruler. He is the son of Gaea , who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including twelve of the Titans.

His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth

Cronus

Cronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. There offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety Cronus ate each of the children as they were born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.

Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be a golden age on earth, honored by the Saturnalia feast.

Rhea

Rhea was the wife of Cronus. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus.

Oceanus

Oceanus is the unending stream of water encircling the world. Together with his wife Tethys produced the rivers and the three thousand ocean nymphs.

Tethys

Tethys is the wife of Oceanus. Together they produced the rivers and the three thousand ocean nymphs.

Hyperion

Hyperion is the Titan of light, an early sun god. He is the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Theia. Their children Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).

Mnemosyne

Mnemosyne was the Titan of memory and the mother of Muses.

Themis

Themis was the Titan of justice and order. She was the mother of the Fates and the Seasons.

Iapetus

Iapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Atlas by Clymene.

Coeus

Titan of Intelligence. Father of Leto.

Crius

No details available.

Phoebe

Titan of the Moon. Mother of Leto.

Thea

No details available.

Prometheus

Prometheus was the wisest Titan. His name means "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus . When Zeus revolted against Cronus Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus side.

By some accounts he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated by Zeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus is known as the protector and benefactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts.

For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Heracles without giving in to Zeus.

Epimetheus

Epimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name means "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts he is delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.

Atlas

Atlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age Atlas lead the Titan's in battle. As a result he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and made to hold up the world on his back.

Metis

Metis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It is said that she is the source for Zeus wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly.

It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This is because the classic Greeks believed that children were generated solely from the fathers sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a vessel for the fetus to grow in. Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth her role doesn't count.

Dione

According to Homer in the Iliad she is the mother of Aphrodite.  

 

Torment of the Titans Atlas & Prometheus, Laconian black-figure amphora C6th B.C., Vatican City Museums

(출처- http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T20.1.html)

 

KRONOS & RHEA,  Metropolitan Museum, New York City, USA       (출처- http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T6.1.html)

 

ATLAS & GAIA , Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA        (출처- http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T20.2.html)

The race of giant Titans, imprisoned by their father Uranus   

(출처-http://www.talesbeyondbelief.com/titans-mythology/hyperion.htm )

 

The Race of Giant Gods     (출처-http://www.talesbeyondbelief.com/titans-mythology/crius.htm)

 

Gaia, mother of the Titans and the Earth itself. By Artwork0 March 8, 2008    (출처-http://godofwar.wikia.com/wiki/Titans)